动词-ing形式作状语

【知识点】

一、动词的-ing形式作状语：通常表示主语正在进行时的另一动作，用来对谓语动词表示的动作加以修饰或作为陪衬。它可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、方式或伴随动作，相当于相应的状语从句。

二、动词-ing形式的各种变化形式及含义

三、动词-ing形式作状语的基本用法

1. 动词-ing形式作时间状语

通常放在句首，有时在句中或句末，相当于when或while等引导的时间状语从句。

Walking along the street, he met his old friend.

=When he was walking along the street, he met his old friend.

2. 动词-ing形式作原因状语

通常放在句首，相当于as, because, since, now that 等引导的原因状语从句。

Being ill, he didn’t go to school.

= Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.

3. 动词-ing形式作条件状语

可以放在句首，也可在句末，相当于if，unless引导的条件状语从句。

Working hard, you will succeed.

=If you work hard, you will succeed.

4. 动词-ing形式作让步状语

多放在句首，相当于一个让步状语从句。

Being busy and exhausted, he gave us a lot of help.

=Though being busy and exhausted, he gave us a lot of help.

5. 动词-ing形式作结果状语

通常位于句末且中间有逗号，相当于一个并列分句。

The boy fell off his bike, breaking his right arm.

=The boy fell off his bike, and broke his right arm.

6. 动词-ing形式作方式状语或伴随状语

用来说明动作发生的背景或状况。

Laughing and talking loudly, we left the party.

四、动词-ing形式的注意事项

1.现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，且为主动关系。

All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.

2.为强调-ing形式所表达的意义，在-ing形式短语前可用连词、介词或副词。

◆“when/while+-ing形式”强调-ing形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生。

◆“before + -ing形式”强调-ing形式在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。

◆“after+动词的-ing形式”强调-ing形式在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。

◆“on/upon + -ing形式”表示“一（刚）……就……”。

◆“thus + -ing形式”表示结果。

◆“though /although+ -ing形式”表示让步。

◆独立成分作状语。常见的有：generally speaking一般地说；strictly speaking 严格地说；frankly speaking 坦率地说；exactly speaking 确切地说；judging from/ by 由……判断出

【高考考向】

主要考查：体现在高考语填和改错中；写作中用动词-ing形式以提高作文分数。

考查形式：语法填空，短文改错

【高考真题】

一、动词-ing形式相关语法填空

1. （2021·全国乙卷）Minimize the impact of _________(visit) the place.    

2. （2021·全国甲卷）After _________ (spend) some time loo-king at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action.      

3. （2020·全国卷II）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.  

4. （2020·浙江卷）Later, they learned to work with the sea-sons, planting at the right time and, in dry areas, _________ (make) use of annual floods to irrigate their fields.

5. （2019·全国卷III）On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, _________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

6. （2019·北京卷）Nervously_________ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.

二、动词-ing形式相关改错

1. （全国卷III）Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.

2. （全国卷II）After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.

撰文：蒋宗容

图片：无

审核：丁劲松

上传：杨佳顺