【知识点】
确定关系词的步骤,关系词之间的区别和使用及实战演练
【高考考向】
定语从句是中学英语教学的重点,也是学生学习的难点,同时又是高考考查的热点。而对定语从句的先行词的考查又是重中之重。 正确区分关系代词(that或which)与关系副词when(表时间)、where(表地点)、why(表原因)。重点根据定语从句中所缺成分(即关系词在定语从句中作状语时,使用关系副词when (on which); where(in which); why(for which);在定语从句中作作主语、宾语或表语时,使用that或which。)来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。
【高考真题】
1.【2015·湖南】29.It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..
A. as B. whereC. thatD. which
2.【2015·北京】24.Opposite is St.Paul's Church,___you can hear some lovely music.
A. which B.that C.when D.where
3.【2015·重庆】14. He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of____ were published in the 1990s.
A. whom B. which C. them D. that
4.【2015·浙江】19. Creating an atmosphere ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which
5.【2015·天津】15 The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.
A. where B. whichC. whenD. who
6.【2015·四川】3.The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
A.which B. what C. whose D. that
7.【2015·陕西】15. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.
A. which B. where C. whom D. when
8.【2015·福建】34.China Today attracts a worldwide readership,_______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which
9.【2015·江苏】21.The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A. it B. which C. what D. as
10.【2015·安徽】28.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.
A. itB. thatC. whoseD. which
答案:DDBCA CDDDD
关系词:连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose,as
关系副词:when,where,why\
一.确定关系词的步骤:
(1)先找先行词,再看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
(2)再看先行词指的是什么。
注意:先行词与关系词是等量关系。
(1)先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.
(2)关系词在从句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit (them) in China.
二.关系词之间的区别
1.在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which:
(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,the only,the very,few等修饰时。
(3)先行词为all,much,little,none,few,something,anything等不定代词时。
(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.
(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.
(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which are the books that you bought for me?
2.宜用which而不用that的情况:
(1)在非限制性定语从句中。
(2)在关系词前有介词时。
(3)当先行词本身是that时。
(4)关系词后有插入语时。
3.关系词who与that指人时,也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词。
(1)当主句是there be句型时,关系词用who。
(2)先行词是anyone,those,someone,everyone,one等词时,关系词用who。
(3)当主句是who作疑问词时,关系词用that。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window?
(4)whom在从句中只作宾语,可被who取代。
4.whose作关系词既指人又指物,在从句中作定语。
Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving?
There is a room,whose window faces the river.
5.关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。
(1)用于固定搭配中
The same…as…, as…as…, such…as…
The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago.
I want to use the same tool that you used just now
注意:They are such lovely children that we love. 对比They are such lovely children that we love them。
(2)as引导非限制性定语从句,表示“正如…一样”。
注意:与which引导非限制性定从的区别:①意义上:as 含有“这点正如……一样”。 which无此意。②位置上:as 从句可置句首,也可在句中,句末。which只能位于句末。
He didn’t pass the exam,as we had expected.
There is lots of air in loose snow,which can keep the cold out.
As is known,the earth is round.
6.关系副词when与where,why,(that)
when 指时间=in/at/on/during which
where指地点=in/at/from which
why指原因=for which
【学生学情分析】
学生在近期的学习中暴露的主要问题是不能精准识别定语从句,难以区别关系词。对特殊的关系代词的使用未掌握好。
【建议变式练习】
择合适的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week,________ my classmates recommended to me.
2.A company________profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
3.Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.
4.I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
5.Until now,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children,________ is quite unexpected.
6.The exact year________Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
7.We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year.
8.Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to face,probably the greatest of all is fog.
9.Students should involve themselves in community activities________they can gain experience for growth.
10.I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade,________I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
11.The man ______lives next to us is a policeman.
12.This is the factory ______ I work.
13.I want to know the reason ______you are late.
14.This is the reason ______everybody knows.
15.Do you still remember the day ______he arrived?
16.Do you still remember the day ______we spent together.
答案:1-10 which, whose, that, when, which, that, that, that, where, when.11-16 who, where, why, that, when, that
撰文:李清秀
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审核:丁劲松
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