精讲精练——定语从句的关系词

发布时间:2022-03-30 阅读:14715 文章来源:教导处

知识点

确定关系词的步骤,关系词之间的区别和使用及实战演练

高考考向

定语从句是中学英语教学的重点,也是学生学习的难点,同时又是高考考查的热点。而对定语从句的先行词的考查又是重中之重。 正确区分关系代词(thatwhich)与关系副词when(表时间)where(表地点)why(表原因)。重点根据定语从句中所缺成分(即关系词在定语从句中作状语时,使用关系副词when (on which); where(in which); why(for which);在定语从句中作作主语、宾语或表语时,使用thatwhich。)来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。

高考真题

1.2015·湖南】29.It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..

A. as B. whereC. thatD. which

2.2015·北京】24.Opposite is St.Paul's Church,___you can hear some lovely music.

A. which B.that C.when D.where

3.2015·重庆】14. He wrote many childrens books, nearly half of____ were published in the 1990s.

A. whom        B. which         C. them       D. that

4.2015·浙江】19. Creating an atmosphere ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.

A. as     B. whose           C. in which         D. at which

5.2015·天津】15 The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.

A. where B. whichC. whenD. who

6.2015·四川】3.The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.

Awhich    B. what    C. whose         D. that

7.2015·陕西】15. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.

A. which    B. where    C. whom   D. when

8.2015·福建】34.China Today attracts a worldwide readership,_______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which

9.2015·江苏】21.The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

A. it                    B. which           C. what                D. as

10.2015·安徽】28.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.

A. itB. thatC. whoseD. which

答案:DDBCA  CDDDD

关系词:连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。

关系代词:whowhomwhichthatwhoseas

关系副词:whenwherewhy\

.确定关系词的步骤:

(1)先找先行词,再看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。

(2)再看先行词指的是什么。

注意:先行词与关系词是等量关系。

(1)先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。

This is the place which is worth visiting.

(2)关系词在从句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。

There are many places we can visit (them) in China.

二.关系词之间的区别

1.在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which

(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。

(2)先行词被alleverynosomeanylittlemuchthe onlythe veryfew等修饰时。

(3)先行词为allmuchlittlenonefewsomethinganything等不定代词时。

(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。

He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.

(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。

The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.

(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。

Which are the books that you bought for me?

2.宜用which而不用that的情况:

(1)在非限制性定语从句中。

(2)在关系词前有介词时。

(3)当先行词本身是that时。

(4)关系词后有插入语时。

3.关系词whothat指人时,也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词。

(1)当主句是there be句型时,关系词用who

(2)先行词是anyonethosesomeoneeveryoneone等词时,关系词用who

(3)当主句是who作疑问词时,关系词用that

Who is that girl that is standing by the window?

(4)whom在从句中只作宾语,可被who取代。

4whose作关系词既指人又指物,在从句中作定语。

Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving?

There is a roomwhose window faces the river.

5.关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。

(1)用于固定搭配中

The sameas,    asas,   suchas

The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago.

I want to use the same tool that you used just now

注意:They are such lovely children that we love. 对比They are such lovely children that we love them

(2)as引导非限制性定语从句,表示“正如…一样”。

注意:与which引导非限制性定从的区别:①意义上:as 含有“这点正如……一样”。 which无此意。②位置上:as 从句可置句首,也可在句中,句末。which只能位于句末。

He didnt pass the examas we had expected.

There is lots of air in loose snowwhich can keep the cold out.

As is knownthe earth is round.

6.关系副词whenwherewhy,(that

when 指时间=in/at/on/during which

where指地点=in/at/from which

why指原因=for which

学生学情分析

学生在近期的学习中暴露的主要问题是不能精准识别定语从句,难以区别关系词。对特殊的关系代词的使用未掌握好。

 

【建议变式练习】

择合适的关系代词或关系副词填空

1.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week________ my classmates recommended to me.

2.A company________profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

3.Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.

4.I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.

5.Until nowwe have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children________ is quite unexpected.

6.The exact year________Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.

7.We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year.

8.Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to faceprobably the greatest of all is fog.

9.Students should involve themselves in community activities________they can gain experience for growth.

10.I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade________I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.

11.The man ______lives next to us is a policeman.

12.This is the factory  ______ I work.

13.I want to know the reason ______you are late.

14.This is the reason  ______everybody knows.

15.Do you still remember the day  ______he arrived?

16.Do you still remember the day  ______we spent together.

答案:1-10 which, whose, that, when, which, that, that, that, where, when.11-16 who, where, why, that, when, that



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