精讲精练——状语从句

【知识点】

考查状语从句中连词的选择，特殊句式，从句的时态语态，以及状语从句的省略。

【高考考向】

状语从句是中学英语教学的重点，也是学生学习的难点，状语从句是一个较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考试题中常见的一个重要考点。完形填空，语法填空，书面表达都可考察此项语法。

准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键，同时要注意主从句的时态呼应。

【高考真题】

1.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)As/When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.

2.(2016全国卷3)Over time, as/when  the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.

3.(2007 山东卷) While  I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive.

4. (2016江苏卷) While  some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.

5.(2017北京卷) Although some birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.

6.(2017江苏卷) Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
7.(2016 四川) If/When it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.

8.(2015浙江卷) Although/Though I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.

9.(2018课标全国2) The games my parents taught me when I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.

10.(2011四川) As is reported, it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.

概念以及句型特点

(1)概念：状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等。

(2)句型特点：

状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。放在主句之前时，常用逗号与主句分开；放在主句之后时，不用逗号。

一、时间状语从句

1. when，while和as引导的时间状语从句

While some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.

尽管有些人被成功的渴望所激励，但也有一些人却被失败的恐惧所激发。

2. 表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句

(1)as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly, each time, every time, the first time

The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy.我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。

(2)在hardly...when...，no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。

I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.

3. before，since引导的时间状语从句

(1)before表示“在……之前；还未……就……；还没有来得及……就……”。常用句式：①It will be/was＋一段时间＋before...过了……时间才……；②It won't be/wasn't＋一段时间＋before...没过多久就……。

We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.

(2)since意为“自从……以来”，常用句式：It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句(常用过去时)。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。

4. till/until引导的时间状语从句

She didn't start the lesson until the pupils settled down.

5. every time，each time，next time，the first time，by the time等引导的时状

By the time you have finished this book，your meal will get cold.

二、让步状语从句

1. although，though，as和while引导的让步状语从句

(1)though引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although引导的从句不倒装；as引导的从句必须用倒装语序。

Although these measures are not effective forever，they are vital for now.

虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。

Hot as/though the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.

夜晚的空气虽然很热，但因为长途旅行之后很累，我们睡得很沉。

(2)though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，置于句末。

(3)while引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。

(4)as、though引导让步状语从句时采用倒装的两种特殊情况：

①如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词。

Youngest as/though he is in our class，he speaks English best.

②行为动词前置时，从句主语后面要用may，might，can，could，will，would等情态动词，若没有情态动词，则需加上一个do(does或did)。若前置的行为动词是及物动词，则其宾语也随其后一并提前。

Search as they would here and there，they could find nothing in the room.

2. even if与even though 引导的让步状语从句

even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。

Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesn't get much exercise.

3. “疑问词＋­ever”引导的让步状语从句

where(what，who，whom，when，which，how)＋­ever表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter where(what，who，whom，when，which，how)。

It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.

4. whether...or...引导的让步状语从句

whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。

All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.

三、其他状语从句

【技法点拨】

在语法填空中, 状语从句的考查集中在连词的使用上。解题时要认真分析主、从句之间的逻辑关系，明确从句表示时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较等，再根据各种从句固定使用的连接词确定正确答案。

【学生学情分析】

学生在近期的学习中暴露的主要问题是不能精准识别状语从句，分不清几大从句的区别，说明对句式定义把握不准，翻译能力还不够，固定搭配和短语记不牢，需要多加练习。

【建议变式练习】

选择合适的关系词或短语填空

1. He had got on the train         I could say goodbye.

2. I didn’t go to bed         I finished my homework.

3.         I finish my homework did I go to bed.

4. Let me know         he comes.

5. He had no sooner seen me         he ran off.

6. I studied day and night        I could pass the exam.

7.        there is a will, there is a way.

8. I’ll come         that I’m well enough.

9. Take a coat         the weather turns cold.

10.         you are not free, you needn’t see me off.

11. The little girl who got lost decided to remain         she was and wait for her

mother.

12. I was so tired         I lost myself during marching.

13.         regular exercise is very important, (yet) it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.

14. Try         he might, he could not open the door.

15.         different we may appear to be at first, we are all the same, all equal.

16. I only take on work that excites me      it means turning down lots of money.

17. Mary rushed home______ she heard the news, only ______ that her husband was gone.

18. I study Italian ________ I would be able to read Dante in the original.

答案：

1. before     2.until      3. Not until

4. instantly/immediately/when5. than      6. in order that/so that

7. Where     8. provided/supposing  9. in case

10. Now that/As    11. where     12. that

13. Though/Although   14. as/though    15. However

16. even if     17. immediately;to find  18. so that

撰文：陈晓夏 杨佳顺

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审核：丁劲松

上传：杨佳顺