语法专项训练之---主谓一致

【知识点】

    在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。

 （一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

His father is working on the farm.            To study English well is not easy.  

What he said is very important for us all.     The children were in the classroom two hours ago.

Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：

What I bought were three English books.

What I say and do are helpful to you.

2. 由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：

Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

Plastics and rubber never rot. 

Walking and riding are good exercises. 

注意：① 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The writer and artist has come.

② 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every, more than one, many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：

Every student and every teacher was in the room.

No boy and no girl likes it.

each放在由and连接的并列单数主语后面做同位语时，动词用复数。如：

The boy and the girl each have their own toys.

3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：

Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.

Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.

She, like you and Tom, is very tall.

4. either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：

Each of us has a new book.  We each have a new book.

Everything around us is matter.

注意：① 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting.

② 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：

None of us has (have) been to America.

5. 在定语从句中，先行词前有one of时，其谓语动词用复数。先行词前是the only one of时，动词用单数。如：

He is one of my friends who are working hard.

He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

6. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great deal of+ 名词”构成的短语做主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：

There are a lot of people in the classroom.

A great deal of time has been spent on this project.

7. more than one/ many a+ 单数名词做主语时，意义上是复数，但动词用单数。如：

More than one girl wears skirts today.

Many a scientist has been working on the AIDS vaccine。

注意：① a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“…的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。

A number of students are from the south.

The number of students from the north is small.

②a quantity of 修饰主语时，动词以后面的名词为准，quantities of修饰主语时，动词以quantities为准。

A small quantity of water is left in the bottle.

A large quantity of books are on sale now.

Quantities of fish were caught that day.

8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：

There comes the bus.                   On the wall are many pictures.

Such is the result.                      Such are the facts.

（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。

1. what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Which is your bag?          Which are your bags?

             All is going well.            All have gone to Beijing.

2．由and 连接的两个what从句或非谓语动词作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数。如：

What he says and does do not agree.

What he says and does does not concern me.

When and where to hold the meeting has not been decided yet.

Where he is and how he is are still unknown.

3. 表示“时间、重量、长度、距离、价值”等的名词的复数做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于做主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：

Thirty minutes is enough for the work.

20,000 dollars is not a small sum of money.

4. 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如： “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.

5. 数和百分数修饰可数或不可数名词做主语时，动词单复数取决于它们所表示的意义。如：

About one third of the books are worth reading.

A large percentage of the work was done yesterday.

6. 算式中表示数目的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：

Twelve plus eight is twenty.

Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.

7. 一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works（工厂）等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：

The paper works was built in 1990.

I think physics isn’t easy to study.

8. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, jeans等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a/two pair/pairs of等量词修饰时，谓语动词与pair保持一致。如：

My glasses are broken.

The pair of shoes under is his.

Here are some new pairs of shoes.

9. 由kind( form, type, sort, species, portion, series) of 等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数。如：

This new type of buses is now on show.

Some new forms of art were discussed at the meeting.

10. 单复同形的名词如means, works（作品）, sheep, deer, crossroads做主语，视其意义而定。如：

Each means has been tried to solve the problem.

There are various means of communicating with a stranger.

11.“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。表示抽象概念时，动词用单数。如：

The wounded were treated well.

The new is sure to take the place of the old.

12. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如：

Class Four is on the third floor.

Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.

注意：people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：

The police are looking for the lost child.

13. the other/another+基数词+N.(pl),动词用复数。如：

Five people came to help, but another three were still needed.

14. the rest of… ,the remaining of…, part of…the majority of , 等做主语时，动词要根据主语所指单复数而定。

The majority of the refugees were from Iraq and the rest were from Libya.

注意：当proportion作“部分”解时，如a (the) proportion of N 作主语，其谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。如：

A large proportion of my time is spent in studying. 我的大部分时间都用在学习上。

A large proportion of students are workers and peasants. 大部分学生是工人和农民。

当proportion作“比率；之比”解时，其谓语动词用单数。如：

The proportion of boys to girls in our class is three to one. 我们班上的男、女生比例是3：1。

（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。

 1. 当两个主语由either … or, neither … nor, or, not only … but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：

Either the teacher or the students are our friends.

Neither they nor he is wholly right.

Is neither he nor they wholly right?

 2. there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：

There are two chairs and a desk in the room..

注意：Here引导的倒装句用法同上。 如：

Here comes the bus and two cars.

【高考考向】

主谓一致在高考中主要在语法填空和改错题中与名词结合起来综合考查。需要学生熟练掌握主谓一致的各条规则，尤其是一些特殊情况。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法一致，逻辑一致和就近原则三个方面。

【高考真题】

1. （2021·浙江卷语法填空）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___36___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.……. When the house was built, it was much smaller than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___40___ （paint）white.

【答案】36. has proved/has proven            40. was painted   

【解析】36. 考查动词。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词；主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。

40. 考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。

2.（2020·山东卷）The parts of a museum open to the public  40    (call) galleries or rooms.

【答案】are called

【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。

3．（2020·天津卷）The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level since.

A．are remaining  B．have remained  C．is remaining     D．has remained

【答案】D

【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持在这个水平。ever since“从那以后”作时间状语，句子用现在完成时态。主语为the number of medical schools，the number of表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上，故选D。

4.【2019·江苏卷】 The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.

A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give

【答案】B

【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。

5.【2019·天津卷】Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.

A. is given B. are given   C. was given   D. were given

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时，排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。

6.【2019·新课标I卷】 Of the  nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

【答案】are

【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。

【学生学情分析】

学生能轻松解答难度较低的主谓一致的常规习题，但由于主谓一致原则太多，有很多特殊情况，对于如就近原则和就远原则等特殊情况，学生容易混淆，需要强化练习，加深印象。

【建议变式练习】

练习

1. Neither of them ______ going to the cinema. Both of them _____ going to the cinema.

A. is ; are           B. is ; is        C. are ; was         D. are ; is

2. All but one _____ here just now. All that I want to say ____ this.

A. was; were         B. was; is      C. were; is        D. were; were

3. A number of students ____ gone for an outing. The number of the students ______ increasing year.      A. have; has     B. is; have     C. has; have    D. have; is

4. Some of the oranges ______ turned bad. Some of the milk _______ turned sour.

A. have; has     B. have; have        C. has; have     D. have; is

5. Each student -____ got an English- Chinese dictionary. The students each ______ a dictionary.

A. have; has      B. has; have         C. have; have      D. has; has

6. There _____ a pen, an ink bottle, and some books on it. There ________ some bowls, plates and a spoon on it.

A. is; are       B. are; are      C. are; is       D. is; is

7. Either the judge or the lawyers ________ wrong. Either you or he _______ to blame.

A. is; are       B. are; is       C. are; are    D. is; is

8. His family ______ all very well. His family _______ a “ five good” one.

A. are; is        B. is; is       C. are; are        D. is; are

9. My blue trousers ______ worn out. One pair of trousers ______ not enough.

A. is; are       B. are; are        C. is; is        D. are; is

10. Our League secretary and monitor ______ the lead in everything. Our League secretary and the monitor ______ good friends.

A. take; are       B. take; is      C. takes; is        D. takes; are

11. The girl as well as his parents _______ a bike. Not only the students but also the professor ______ surprised at Mary’s answer.

A. have; was       B. have; were      C. has; was       D. has; were

12. Who _____ the girl singing in the next room? Who ______ these people over there?

A. are; are        B. are; is        C. is; are        D. is; is   www.ks5u.com

13. Most of the students _____ boys. Most of his money _____ spent on books.

A. are; is        B. is ; is       C. are; are       D. is; are

14. The policeman ______ standing at the street corner. The police _____ searching for him.

A. are; is        B. are; are        C. is; are       D. is; is

15. The glasses ______ mine. That pair of glasses _____ my brother’s.

A. are; is         B. are; are       C. is; are         D. is; is

16. The news at six o’clock _____ not true. Those pieces of news _____ to be broadcasted.

A. are; is        B. are; are       C. is; are         D. is; is

17. Grandpa Wang and his two grandsons ______ taking a walk in the park now. Grandpa Wang, together with his two grandsons, ____ taking a walk in the park now.

A. are; are         B. is; are         C. is; is           D. are; is

18. No one but Jane ______ the secret. Nobody but Mary and I ___ in the classroom at that time.

A. know; was     B. knows; was     C. know; were     D. knows; were

19. There _______ nothing but two looms in the hall. There _____ something wrong with the machine.

A. was; is     B. was; are     C. were; is     D. were; are

20. He is one of the boys who _____ never late for school. He is the only one of the boys who _____ never late for school.

A. is; are       B. are; are       C. are; is       D. is; is

21. What they have done ______ of great use to us. What he says and what he does ___ agree.

A. is; not    B. is; do not     C. are; does not      D. are; not

22. Every picture except these two _______. Everything around us _____ matter.

A. have been sold; does  B. have been sold; do   C. has been sold; does   D. has been sold; do

23. A woman with two children ______ coming up to us. Mary, along with her parents, ___ moved to Paris.

A. is; has     B. is; have       C. are; have     D. are; has

24. one sixth of our classmates _____ from peasant families. One fifth of her time ____ devoted to writing.

A. comes; is   B. come; are    C. come; is    D. comes; are

25. Only 10 percent of the students in the class _____ League members. About 40% of Jim’s income ________ to the rent (租金).

A. are; goes      B. are; go       C. is; goes       D. is; go

26. It is this teacher who ______ leaving for London. It is you who ____ next.

A. are; are     B. is; are      C. are; is     D. is; is

27. The population of the earth _____ increasing fast. One third of the population here _____ workers.

A. is; are        B. is; is        C. are; is        D. are; are

28. This kind of snakes _____ very dangerous. These kinds of metal _____ hard to find.

A. is; is         B. are; is        C. is; are        D. are; are

29. Half of the visitors _____ from Europe. Half of the fruit _____ bad.

A. is; are      B. is; is      C. are; is      D. are; are

30. Every man worker and every woman worker _____ free medical care. At Christmas each boy and each girl _____ given a present.

A. enjoy; is    B. enjoy; are    C. enjoys; is    D. enjoys; are

31. Many a man ______ seen the wonderful film. Many men _____ seen the wonderful film.

A. has; has     B. has; have      C. have; has     D. have; have

32. Going to bed early and getting up early _____ a good habit. Singing and dancing _____ two of the things that he likes best.

A. is; is      B. are; is       C. is; are      D. are; are

33. Such ______ Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements. Such ______ her words.

A. were; were    B. was; were    C. were; were     D. was; was

34. Besides Xiao Wang, Xiao Ma _____ willing to do the work. The factory, including its machines _____ burnt last night.

A. was; is     B. were; is      C. was; are    D. were; are

35. If anybody _____, ask him to wait. _____ there anything I can do for you?

A. come; Is    B. come; Are     C. comes; Are     D. comes; Is

36. Chinese _____ not so difficult to learn. The Chinese people ________ brave and hard working.

A. is; is     B. are; is      C. is; are    D. are; are

37. Little _____ done to prevent the air from being polluted. Much _____ done to against fight pollution.

A. has been; have been     B. have; has    C. has been; has been    D. have been; have been

38. Do you know the singer and dancer who _____standing at the gate? China has thousands of islands, the largest of which ____ Taiwan.

A. is; are     B. is ; is     C. are; is     D. are; are

39. Each of the girls ____ an orange. Each ______ his duty.

A. have; has     B. have; have        C. has; has     D. has; have

40. When we are to hold the sports meet ____ been decided. Whether he succeeds or fails ______ matter.

A. have; don’t      B. has; don’t      C. have; doesn’t     D. has; doesn’t

41. Her clothes ____ nearly worn out. His physics ______ weaker than others.

A. is; is     B. are; is      C. is; are    D. are; are

42. Five hundred dollars ______ more than he can afford.    A. is          B. are

43. Food and clothing ____ daily necessities for people.     A. is          B. are

44. The United Nations ___ trying to persuade the two countries.    A. is          B. are

45. Three kilometers ____ not a long distance.     A. is          B. are

46. To say something _______ one thing, to do it _____ another.    A. is; is        B. are; are

47. Reading English magazines and novels ____ helpful to your study of English.

A. is          B. are

48. He, like you and Xiao Liu ______ very diligent.       A. is          B. are

49. Between the two buildings _____ a hospital.      A. stand        B. stands

50. How to get rid of these things ____ a big problem.     A. are          B. is

答案：1—5 ACDAB       6—10ABADD      11—15CCACA      16—20CDBAC

21—25BCACA     26—30BACCC     31—35BCBAD      36—40CCBCD

41—45BABAA      46—50AAABB

撰文：梁曦

图片：无

审核：丁劲松

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